文章尝试将系统发育分析方法引入西方歌剧流派研究,以17—18世纪欧洲主要歌剧流派为研究样本,构建基于基因区和非基因区的二元分析框架,探究不同歌剧流派之间的亲缘属性。研究在方法论层面确立了基因组视角下的歌剧流派特征模型,将歌剧流派内部特征编码为基因区,外部影响因素归类为非基因区。在基因区部分,研究将歌剧流派的特征编码为DNA序列,通过成对距离矩阵量化各流派间的遗传距离,进而分别考察组内与组间平均距离,以揭示各地区歌剧传统的内部分化程度及相互间的亲疏关系,并最终构建系统发育树,直观呈现各流派的谱系格局与演化路径;在非基因区部分,一方面探讨了意大利、法国、英国和德语地区的社会文化生态对歌剧流派形成和发展的影响,另一方面剖析了欧洲歌剧传统的跨区域互动机制。系统发育分析方法为歌剧流派谱系研究提供了新的研究范式,这种方法不仅有助于揭示歌剧艺术的发展规律,也为其他体裁的流派研究提供了可借鉴的分析模式。

This article introduces phylogenetic analysis into the study of Western operatic genres, using major European genres of the 17th and 18th centuries as its analytical samples. A dual analytical framework based on genic and non-genic regions is constructed to explore phylogenetic affinities among different genres. Methodologically, the study establishes a genomic model for characterizing operatic genres, encoding their intrinsic features as the genic region and categorizing external influencing factors as the non-genic region. In analyzing the genic region, the characteristic traits of operatic genres are encoded into DNA sequences. A pairwise distance matrix is employed to quantify the genetic distances among all genres. Subsequently, the within-group and between-group mean distances are calculated to reveal the degree of internal differentiation within regional operatic traditions and the phylogenetic proximity between different regions. Finally, a phylogenetic tree is constructed to visualize the genealogical patterns and evolutionary pathways of all operatic genres. In the non-genic region analysis, the study investigates the impact of sociocultural ecologies in Italy, France, England, and the German-speaking regions on the formation and development of operatic genres, as well as the mechanisms of cross-regional interaction within the European operatic tradition. Phylogenetic analysis provides a new paradigm for genealogical research on operatic genres—one that not only contributes to uncovering the developmental patterns of operatic art but also provides a transferable analytical model for the study of genres in other musical traditions.