The study of the “two communities”(the Chinese nation community and the community with a shared future for mankind)is related to the top-level design of the Chinese nation's internal cultural revival and external exchange and mutual learning.Regional and national studies involve the connotation and extension of the “two communities”,while regional and national music culture research is a specific path and method that can be implemented in the Ethnomusicological practice.Key issues include:First,regional and national music research must simultaneously address the cultural needs of the “two communities”;Second,it is necessary to simultaneously consider the relationship between“regional traditional(classical)”music and“national contemporary” music,as well as professional creative music and ethnic folk music;and finally,research on regional and national music should also consider the categories of“diverse and integrated layering”,“Central Plains,border areas, and foreign areas”,and “Han,ethnic minorities,and cross-border ethnic groups”, as well as their relationships of cultural exchange,integration, and mutual learning in music.