This article introduces phylogenetic analysis into the study of Western operatic genres, using major European genres of the 17th and 18th centuries as its analytical samples. A dual analytical framework based on genic and non-genic regions is constructed to explore phylogenetic affinities among different genres. Methodologically, the study establishes a genomic model for characterizing operatic genres, encoding their intrinsic features as the genic region and categorizing external influencing factors as the non-genic region. In analyzing the genic region, the characteristic traits of operatic genres are encoded into DNA sequences. A pairwise distance matrix is employed to quantify the genetic distances among all genres. Subsequently, the within-group and between-group mean distances are calculated to reveal the degree of internal differentiation within regional operatic traditions and the phylogenetic proximity between different regions. Finally, a phylogenetic tree is constructed to visualize the genealogical patterns and evolutionary pathways of all operatic genres. In the non-genic region analysis, the study investigates the impact of sociocultural ecologies in Italy, France, England, and the German-speaking regions on the formation and development of operatic genres, as well as the mechanisms of cross-regional interaction within the European operatic tradition. Phylogenetic analysis provides a new paradigm for genealogical research on operatic genres—one that not only contributes to uncovering the developmental patterns of operatic art but also provides a transferable analytical model for the study of genres in other musical traditions.