Constructing China's independent knowledge system constitutes a major task entrusted by the new era to literary and artistic workers including those in the music circle. Guided by General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on philosophy and social sciences, literary art work, and cultural inheritance and development, this paper elaborates the author's understanding and reflections on building China independent knowledge system for music from four perspectives. First, from the stand point of cultural subjectivity, it illustrates the necessity of constructing an independent knowledge system. Second, taking the “Two Integrations” as its standpoint and methodology, it expounds the dialectical unity of the “spiritual lineage” and “cultural root lineage” within the independent knowledge system. Third, combining practices of creation, performance, theorization, talent cultivation and communication, it explores the profound impacts of the independent knowledge system on the prosperity and development of Chinese music culture. Fourth, proceeding from Chinese music itself, it clarifies that constructing the independent knowledge system represents integration and mutual accommodation of diverse musical cultures, and embodies civilizational exchanges and mutual learning at a higher level with stronger cultural subjectivity. This paper argues that only by upholding fundamental principles while breaking new ground, maintaining its own cultural stand point, and pursuing openness and inclusiveness can Chinese music take deep root in the fertile soil of Chinese civilization and engage in confident and poised dialogues with the world.