Based on the survey of current state of music composition in China, this article traces and analyses the highlight trajactory of modern music since the 20th century along with “orthodox” assumptions of its historical narrative. Furthermore, it critiques the alienation of “accessbility” resulting from the rupture between avant-garde music and the public/society. Building on this analysis, the author proposes a reevaluation for 20th-century music composition and historical understanding from fresh perspectives, offering insights to inform the future development of Chinese music composition.